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Prof. Paolo Russo
Full ProfessorDipartimento di Ingegneria
e-mail: paolo.russo@unife.it
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Prof. Marco Gatti
Assistent Professor
Dipartimento di Ingegneria
via G. Saragat, 1
44100 Ferrara - Italy
tel. +39 0532 97 4837
fax +39 0532 97 4870
e-mail: marco.gatti@unife.it
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Dr. Ir. Alberto Pellegrinelli
Research Associate
Dipartimento di Ingegneria
via G. Saragat, 1
44100 Ferrara - Italy
tel. +39.0532.97 4859
fax +39.0532.97 4870
e-mail: alberto.pellegrinelli@unife.it
Dr. Ir. Nicola Perfetti
Postdoctoral Fellow
Dipartimento di Ingegneria
via G. Saragat, 1
44100 Ferarra - Italy
tel. +39.0532.97 4857
fax +39.0532.97 4870
e-mail: nicola.perfetti@unife.it
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Dr. Ir. Andrea Chiorboli
Employee
Dipartimento di Ingegneria
via G. Saragat, 1
44100 Ferrara - Italy
tel. +39 0532 97 4911
fax +39 0532 97 4870
e-mail:andrea.chiorboli@unife.it
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Dott. Ing. Alessio Furini
PhD student
Dipartimento di Ingegneria
via G. Saragat, 1
44100 Ferrara - Italy
tel. +39.0532.97 4943
fax +39.0532.97 4870
e-mail: alessio.furini@unife.it
In this part of the network, water is provided through a DN60 pipe of a total length of about 100 m, which supplies several domestic users and at the end of which a flow discharge valve is installed. Two DN32 polyethylene secondary lines (about 50 m long) branch off the DN60 line, one of which provides water to nine service lines. These are DN20 polyethylene pipes of a length of 2 to 5 meters. Specifically, one of these service lines supplies the plumbing system of a single-family two-story house, composed of DN20/16 pipelines of a total length of about 40 m. User’s plumbing system includes several domestic devices, spacing from knob taps to mixer taps, showers, and toilets.
The layout of the part of the real water distribution network, service lines, and the domestic user’s plumbing system considered was reproduced in our Hydraulics Laboratory by creating a hydraulic system fed from a tank with a capacity of about 1000 liters, downstream of which two centrifugal pumps allow water to be pressurized within the system. Pumps can work either individually or in parallel and their characteristics are the following:
- Pump P1: nominal flow rate of 1.25 L/s and nominal head of 47 m, with rated power of 1.85 kW (K55/50M provided by Dab Pumps®)
- Pump P2: nominal flow rate of 4.72 L/s and nominal head of 46 m, with rated power of 4.00 kW (K55/200T provided by Dab Pumps®)
The main pipeline was reproduced through a (100 m long) DN63 polyethylene pipeline branching off the pumping system, along which several devices were installed:
- An expansion vessel, protecting the pumping system against pressure fluctuations induced by manoeuvres on domestic devices;
- An electromagnetic flow meter, measuring the flow rate entering the system;
- A pressure reducing valve (PRV), allowing the modulation of the pressure head at which water is provided to the system;
The DN63 main pipeline also includes a bypass along which two parallel Pumps As Turbines (PATs) were installed. The activation of this bypass allows exploring and quantifying the energy recoverable in pressurized systems under different conditions of pressure head and water demand. Moreover, a DN40 polyethylene pipeline connected at the end of the main pipeline (and from which it is isolated by a valve) allows discharging water in the tank. This allows simulating non-ordinary discharge conditions due to pipeline washing operations or fire flows and investigating their effects.
Two DN32 polyethylene pipelines of a length of about 50 m each and nine (4 m long) DN20 branches were used to reproduce the two secondary lines and the service lines supplied by one of these, respectively. In the user’s service line reproduced, a mechanical water meter and an electromagnetic flow meter for domestic inflow monitoring were included, whereas a simplified scheme of the case-study user’s plumbing system was realized, featuring DN20/16 PEX-AL-PEX pipelines and four discharge points representing devices placed in different locations of the house (front yard, ground floor, first floor, and backyard). These devices discharge water in the tank, thus closing the hydraulic system developed.
Pressure monitoring can be conducted at several points of the hydraulic system: at three sections on the DN63 main line, i.e. downstream the pumping system, downstream the PRV, and in proximity of the branching of the two DN32 secondary lines; at one section of one of the DN32 lines, i.e. in proximity of the case-study user’s service line; and downstream the case-study user’s service line, i.e. in the proximity of the mechanical water meter. Flow monitoring can also be conducted, with regard to a section immediately downstream the pumping system and at the case-study user’s water inlet point. The simultaneous sampling of pressure –through five pressure transducers installable at pressure measurement sections– and flow rate –through two electromagnetic flow meters– is performable at high frequency (101–103 Hz) through a series of modules National Instruments® and the acquisition is managed with the programming software LabVIEW®.
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Gian Luca Garagnani – (gian.luca.garagnani@unife.it)
Assistant professor
Ph.D fellows
Chiara Soffritti
Ph.D students
Annalisa Fortini
Elettra Fabbri
Ali Tahaei
Antonino Bonanno
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Prof. Roberto Pompoli
Emeritus Professor. His research activity has been mainly devoted to room and building acoustics and in the field of noise control engineering.
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Prof. Patrizio Fausti
Associate Professor of Applied Physics (ING-IND/11). His main research activities have been devoted to building acoustics, noise control and room acoustics. |
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Prof. Nicola Prodi
Associate Professor of Applied Physics (ING-IND/11). His main research activities are related to room acoustics, measurements and prediction models; virtual acoustics and auralization; speech intelligibility.
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Francesco Pompoli
Senior researcher (ING-IND/11). He works on several topics related to Applied Acoustics. His main activity is within the filed of materials characterisation, in particular sound propagation into porous media, and their application in mechanical and industrial sectors. |
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Chiara Visentin
Chiara earned a PhD degree in Engineering Sciences in 2012. Her main activities are within the field of room acoustics (prediction methods, in-situ measurements) and the evaluation of the perceptual effects of the acoustic environment on the listeners (speech intelligibility and listening effort in children and adults). |
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Andrea Santoni
Andrea earned a PhD degree in Engineering Sciences in 2017 and is currently a post-doc researcher. His activity is mainly focused on the field of vibro-acoustics: numerical and experimental analysis of sound radiation, sound transmission and characterisation of the elastic, physical and acoustic properties of materials. |
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Cristina Marescotti
Cristina earned a PhD degree in Engineering Sciences in 2018 and is currently postdoc researcher. Her main activities are realted to vibro-acoustics in the mechanical ector: experimental and numerical analysis of the sound emission of machines or components, characterization of the acoustic properties of materials. She undertakes laboratory measurement, applying the protocols defined in the different measurement standards (sound power, sound absorption, sound insulation).
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Aurora Magnani
Aurora earned a Master Degree in Physics of Matter at the University of Pisa. She is currently a research assistant within the Acoustics Research Group, mainly working on acoustic metamaterials. |
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Matteo Pellegatti
matte.pellegatti@student.unife.it Matteo earned a Master Degree in Civil Engineering at the University of Ferrara. He is currently a research assistant within the Acoustics Research Group, mainly working in room acoustics.
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Photos by Mariastella Magnani
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The Listening Room of the Engineering Department of the University of Ferrara is a laboratory designed and implemented to playback a 3D acoustic field, measured o virtual. The system, constituted by 8 speakers, allows to re-create in laboratory a listening sound experience analogous to the one experienced in a real environment, preserving the spatial characteristics of the sound field.
The room has a volume of 60 m3, all the boundaries (walls, floor and ceiling) are lined with 12 cm thick polyester fibre panels with a density of 40 kg/m3, guaranteeing a reverberation time lower than a 0.1 s above 300 Hz. The background noise measured inside the room (Leq) is lower than 20 dB(A).
Eight Tannoy 6D Precision speakers and a subwoofer are installed inside the listening room. A multichannel probe and a VR viewer allows to create immersive multisensory virtual environments.
The listening room is equipped with a specifically developed software for psycoacoustic testing, named Intelligo. The software manages the development, the auditory presentation of the stimuli, the data collection and analysis of individual or multiple-participants (up to 25 listeners) tests.
Performed tests
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La Reverberant Room of the Engineering Department of the University of Ferrara is an acoustic laboratory in which a diffuse sound field, almost constant within the entire volume, can be generated. The walls of the room, constituded by heavyweight building structures in order to increase the sound reflection, are non-orthogonal. Four static acoustic diffusers are hanging from the ceiling. Moreover, a rotaing diffuser can also placed inside tha chamber.
This laboratory allows for the measurement of the sound absorption coefficient of materials or systems, and for the sound power of sound sources. The reverberant room is connected through an opening window to a small semi-anechoic chamber. This window is used to measure the sound radiation and sound transmission on pannels and components.
Main characteristcs:
Acoustic equipment:
Service equipment:
Testing:
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Transfer function method: the measurement method allows the evaluation of the sound absorption coefficient, the surface impedance and the complex reflection coefficient for normal incidence, according to the EN ISO 10534-2 (2001) standard.
Reverberation time method: the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient is determined from the reverberation time measured into an impedance tube with a circular cross-section. the method can be applied to a single material or to coupled systems. The test rig is constituted of a tube with a circular cross-section equipped with two moving sample holders. The tube is laterally connected to a box hosting the sound source. The sound pressure inside the tube is measured with a microphone.
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